Flanders. Rubens. 17th Century. Van Dyck.

* Flemish Baroque Painters: Baroque art of Catholic Europe
* Rubens: Italian Renaissance + Baroque style = First pan=European style.
* Michelangelo, Titian, Carracci, Caravaggio
* In Italy from 1600 to 1608, where he formulated the foundation of his style.

Elevation of the Cross (Oils on wood, panel, Antwerp Cathedral 1610):

* Chruches' investments in sacred art affirm their allegiance to Catholism and the Speanish Hasburg. Especially after a period of Protestant iconoclastic fervor in the region.
* Michelangelo influence: 1) Heavily muscled men. 2) Foreshortened anatomy 3) Contortions of violent actions 4) Straining force and counter-forces
*  Strong modeling of Light and Dark, which heightens the drama, marks Ruben's early stage.

Charles I Dismounted (1635. Oils on canvas)

* Painted by Anthony Van Dyck. Student of Rubens.
* Courtly manner of great elegance.
* Stylish image of relaxed authority.
* Regal poise & an air of absolute authority
* His back on attendents and surveying the domain.
* Off-center but keep the balance with a keen glance at the viewer. (Exceeding artful placement)
* Looking down on the observer.